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Universitetskaya Gorka ( the University Hill ) is a central
and the most ancient part of Kharkov. Gorka got its name at
the beginning of the 19th century due to the fo1Uldation of the
University on its place. The building process on this territory
was started in the years 1654 -1655 when the group of
settlers from Zadneprovye had built here their dwellings,
that were inaccessible for enemies. The inhabitants fortified
their town, but the fortification did not correspond totally to the
needs of the defense, that is why in 1656 the construction of
the fortress was started.
The Kharkov fortress ~ which was erected in 1659, was
built the same way as wooden fortresses of that time. The
length of its walls was over one kilometer .The wall of the
fortress began on the comer of the Proletarskaya Square and
Rosa Luxemburg Square. There was no wall of the fortress
from the western side over the precipice to the Lopan river .
The wall was substituted by the wooden fence.
The fortress had ten towers of different height. F our of
these towers were situated in the comers of the fortress and were
called Comer towers. Each of these towers had its own name.
The tower , which was on the place of the present department
store was called the Christmas Tower the second one situated
on the place of the Palace of Labor, was called the
Protopopovskaya Tower~ the third one -the highest (its height
was about 13,3 m ) -the Nikolskaya Tower. There was always a
sentry post and a signal bell on this tower. So, this tower was
called the Signal Tower .The fourth tower situated in the
north -eastern comer of the fortress was called the
Derkachevskaya Tower. There were also three passage towers
the Moskovskaya, Chughuevskaya and Lopanskaya Towers.
The gates of those passage towers were locked and there were
watch houses near the gates. In the south -western part of the
fortress on the place of the modem University Stairs, there was
the Tainitskaya Tower ~ that had a secret underground way 34
meters long with an emergency well. In the second half of the
60s of the 17th century a well was dug in the fortress the
depth of which was 21, 3m.
The underground ways were going from different parts
of the fortress to the rivers Lopan and Kharkov. These ways
served for the sorties and re -stocking of water supplies at
the periods of enemies' siege. The fortress was surroWlded by
moat from all sides. The fortress had an annarnent consisting
of 12 cannons, 402 kernels and 8 barrels of gun powder.
Two cannons that belonged to the fortress have still been
kept in our Musemn of History .
There was a powder magazine inside of the fortress and
the "sovereign's court" where a voivode lived .
The fortress was re built many times. The most considerable re building
process relates to the beginning of the 18th century. At the
end of the 18th century , by the moment when the city had lost
its military importance , the walls of the fortress were pulled
down, though separate towers existed for a long time.
The fIrst buildings on the territory of the hill were wooden
like the fortress itself. In 1658 The Assumption cathedral
church was built and it towered above the small houses of
the city .The church was on the place of the present branch
of the Central Scientific Library of the University .In 1688
instead of the wooden church, the stony Assmnption
Cathedral was erected. It was on the place of the present
cathedral. The bell-tower of the cathedral was situated
separately.
In 1689 on the spot where the fortress wall was
approaching the precipice over the Lopan river, they built the
Cathedral of Protective Veil- the oldest stony building in the
city which has been preserved till our days. The position of
the cathedral, strong stone -work, long narrow windows -
everything tells us that the cathedral was included in the
system of the defensive fortifications of the city.
The Cathedral of the Protective Veil is one of the best
monuments of the Ukrainian architecture of the 17th century .
In 1843 the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812
V. V. Orlov Denisov was buried in the crypt of the
Cathedral of the ProtectIve Veil.
Damaged in the years of the Second World War, the
Cathedral has now been reconstructed according to its original
aspect.
In the yard of the present Museum of History there was a
small two-storey house and a garden at the beginning of the
18th centwy .The house was owned by the colonel of the
Kharkov Cossack regiment L. Shidlovsky ( the house has not
been preserved ). In 1725 the house together with the estate was
bought by the School for Members of Higher Orders of
Clergy .This School moved in 1726 from Belgorod to Kharkov.
In 1727 the School was reorganized into collegium, which later
became one of the significant educational establishments of
Russia and the center of enlightenment in Slobozhanschina.
The Kharkov Collegium later named Kharkov Academy was
considered to be the second educational establishment in Ukraine
after Kiev Academy. In 1776 the stony building was built over
the gates, there the collegium libnuy was placed -the first
library in Kharkov. The fund of this library consisted of
2500 books in different languages in 1788. The object of note
of the Collegium was also the Tower Clocks, set up on the roof.
In those years the yard of the Collegium was the most
crowded and lively part of the city .
The pupils of the Collegium were known for their
erudition. They were studying several foreign languages, poetJy ,
rhetoric, philosophy, theology and drawing. In 1768 Fiscal
School for the children of the nobility was opened under the
patronage of the Collegium. The pupils studied math, geometJy ,
drawing and sketching , geodesy, artillery , fortification science,
history , geography, languages, vocal and instrumental music
there.
The famous Russian poet and the first translator of "Iliad"
Gnedich N.I., the Russian historian and principal of the
Moscow University Kachenovsky M.T., the first Russian
clinician professor Basilevich E. G. and many others studied
at the Kharkov Collegium. From 1759 to 1769 an
outstanding Ukrainian educator, philosopher and poet
Skovoroda G.S. was teaching ( with short breaks) at the
Collegiwn. Dining the years of his lecturing at the
Collegiwn he was fired three times for free -thinking and
protests against the arbitrariness of the church power .
In the second half of the 18th century when Kharkov
became a principal city of the province seveml buildings were
constructed in its central part , including the buildings for
administrative offices.
Not far from the Assumption Cathedral in 1776 the
construction of the governor's palace was started. It was going
on for eleven years. From 1805 to 1964 Kharkov University
was situated in this building. Now there is an administrative
block of the Ukrainian Polytechnic Institute of Postal Tuition
in this place.
By 1777 the construction of the new Assumption Cathedral
had been fInished. It was built on the place of the old one,
destroyed by the fIre in 1733. The cathedral was erected the
same way as Moscow church of St. Clement in the baroque
style.
The construction of the house of governor's offices and
Official Places began across from the Assumption
Cathedral in 1786 , in the place where there is now a
monument to the Fighters of the October Revolution. This
process continued for a long period of time. In the last
quarter of the 18th century on the place of the present building of
the University Central scientific library the new building
appeared. In that building the magistrate and police took their
seats, and across from it the residence of a governor -a big
house known under the name of " vice governor) s house".
The history of the first Kharkov theatre is tightly
connected with the Universitetskaya Gorka ( The University
Hill) .On September 29) 1780, at the ceremony of celebration
the beginning of the period of ruling of governor -general
in Kharkov region, the people)s feast with illumination and
fireworks was organized .The first theatre perfonnance also
took place on this day.
In 1787 a Ceremonial hall was built in the yard near
the palace of the general governor. It was a two -storey
spacious wooden building with choirs It was joined with the
palace by a gallery.
In this building in 1791 the first Kharkov theatre was
opened The building of the theatre was mother capacious. There
were 12 boxes, rows of arm chairs , the stalls and a gallery
where stage scenery and other equipment of the theatre were made
under the supervision of the governor's mechanic Zaharzhevsky L. S.
The theatre began its activity by the performance of the play
"Unlucky conciliator, or going home without eating" by
Knyazhnin Y .B. The theatre performances were given twice a
week on Tuesday and Friday. The hand written playbill
infolnled about a new performance. It was nailed to the lamp
post across from the palace. The orchestra of the Fiscal
College played before the performance and during the
breaks .
In the first months of its existence the theatre did not have
pennanent actors. The company consisted of the pupils of
the Fiscal College and officials of Kharkov governor -
general's body. The women's parts were perfomled by men as
it was shameful to be an actress at those times.
The fIrst "real" actor of the Kharkov theatre was Dmitry
Moskvichev and the first actress was his wife Lisa. She
made her debut in the Russian comic opera " Miller -wizard,
deceiver and matchmaker') by Ablesimov A. S. in the role of
Anuta.
The performances of the theatre had great success. In the
repertoire of the theatre there were comedies " Sbitenschik))
" Boaster " by Knyazbnin; " A Suit))) " A Stingy Man)) by
Sumarokov; "Young Ignoramus " by Fonvizin and other.
The theatre did not exist long. In 1796 the performances
were stopped and the reason for this was a ten -months )
state mourning declared after the death of Catherine the
Great. In 1797 the building of the theatre was sold for
demolition under the order of the Governor .
At the end of the 18th century the construction process on
the Gorka ( the University Hill) continued. The construction of
a big stony Arcade belongs to this period of time. It was
built a wee bit north from the Assumption Cathedral.
At the beginning of the 19th centmy ( 1804 -1808 ) the
construction of the building of the Official Places was
ended. When the Official Places had been completed, an area
between them and the Cathedra] appeared. It was called
Cathedra] Square, later.
An outstanding event in the history of the city is
connected with the University Hill. In 1805 on the initiative
of Karazin V. N. a famous scientist and public figure of that
time one of the fIrst wriversities was inaugmated .It became
the center of science and culture of Ukraine and the south of
Russia.
The decree about the foundation of Kharkov University
was issued o~ January 24, 1803. The state houses of the,
governor and Vice governor of Kharkov were mtended for the
University. But the opening of the University was delayed
because of lack of means. Only in spring of 1803 the
reconstruction of the educational locations was begWl and it
went on till the end of 1804. The ceremonial opening of the
University took place on January 17, 1805. The first principal
of the University professor Rizhsky I.S. made a speech .
According to the Statutes of 1804 twenty five
departments and four sub faculties were established :
philological sciences, moral and political sciences, physical and
mathematical sciences. The department of doctors' and medical
sciences was opened only in 1811. F our institutes were
opened at the University : pedagogical institute ( 1811) for
the preparation of the pedagogical staff for high schools and
regional schools of Kharkov educational region; medical
institute( the 40 -s ) for the improvement of the knowledge of
the most talented graduates of the medical department; School
of practice for vets ( 1839).
During the fIrst years of work of University very few
students studied there. The main recruitment was made of
the graduates of Kharkov Collegiwn because the pupils of
the people's schools did not study Latin the knowledge of
which was obligatory to enter the University .
To prevent "free-thinking" the authorities of the
University looked very attentively after the behaviour of the
students. In case of breaking the set order the person was
punished .by a cell: expsion fiom the. University and by
other punishments including sending to mthtary services.
Besides the Statutes of 1804 and 1835 the University
drew up its own rules adopted by the Minister of Education.
Women were not allowed to study at Kharkov University the
same like at other universities of Russia.
In 1808 the first students graduated from Kharkov
University .Twenty six people got the diplomas of completing
the course of sciences. This event was celebrated by the festive
ceremony. The graduates read their compositions to the audience.
Outstanding scientists and artists of our country
studied and worked at the University. The biologist
Mechnikov 1.1. defended his diploma project here, the
composer L yisenko N. V. , the writer, poet and playwright
Staritsky M.P., the artist Semiradsky G.I. and others studied
here. In the first half of the 19th centwy the principal of the
University was the Ukrainian writer Gulak -Artemovsky P. P.
The following scientists worked at the University : the
founder of the physical chemistry Beketov N.N.,
mathematicians Ostrogradsky M. V., Steklov V .A.t historian
.Bagaley D.I., philologist Potebnya A.A., biochemist Danilevsky
A.Y. etc.
The lectw-ers of the University calried out a significant
cultural and educational work, organizing lectures for people,
evening readings for women and other meetings.
lne University had a considerable scientific auxiliary
base a library , laboratories, an observatory and a botany
garden. The library of the University was founded in 1804 by
Karazin V.N., who gave to it his own collection of books as
a present. The library was located in the main building of the
Universitytill 1835.
In 1804 a botany garden was laid on the territory of the
University yard. Soon it was moved to the ourskirts of the
City.
The foundation of the University played an important
role in the development of the Ukrainian national literature
and journalism. In 1804 one of the flfSt printing houses
was opened at the University .There newspapers~ magazines
and books were printed. The first newspaper "Weekly" started
to be published in 1812. It was founded on the initiative of
the group of University lecturers. In 1816 the magazine
"Ukrainian Herald' was published. Among the editors of
this magazine was K vitka Osnovianenko G .F .Together with
professor Sreznevsky 1.1. and student Maslovich V. he founded
the magazine "Kharkov democritus.
In 1817 the first issue of
the magazine "Ukrainian Housekeeper appeared. It was
devoted to the problems of agriculture. From 1817 to 1824 the
newspaper "Kharkov news'~ was published in the printing -
house of the University. The tendency of this newspaper
caused anxiety of the government and the Minister of
Education Golitzin insisted on closing it. Much later in the
30-s of the 19th century the following litemture collection
appeared: "Ukrainian Litemry Miscellany' (1831) and
"Morning Star" (1833). From 1838 the newspaper "Kharkov
Province News" was issued really.
In the first half of the 19th century several new buildings
appeared on the University Hill. In 1820 the construction of
the Archbishop's house was started near the Cathedralof
Protective Veil and the building of the Collegiwn. Nowadays
there is the Musewn of History in this building. In the 20s
the reconstruction of the already built and erecting of the new
University buildings began. Across from the main building of
the University they initiated construction of the new block
where later the University church was situated. There were
the icons created by the academician Borovikovsky V.L. and
the painter Venezianov A. G. There were also an assembly
hall a book stack reading room, and other places for the
University library.
In 1853 the reconstruction of the Official Places was
started~ and as a result the building changed its look
completely.
In 1870 The MuselUl1 of Fine Arts of the University
on the University Hill was opened. It contained the
collection of about ten thousand exhibits. There were nearly
280 pictwes by Russian and Italian painters among them
works by Klodt M.K. pryanishnikov I.M.~ Ivazovsky I.K.
Shishkin I.I. .The exhibitions of the painters peredvizhniki
took place here. In November 1876 the 5th Art Exhibition
opened in the assembly hall of the University .The pictwes by
Bogolubov A.P. Myasoyedov G.G. Quingi A.I. Makovsky
V .E. were exhibited there.
At the beginning of the 20th centwy one more building
of the scientific -educational profile appeared on the
University Hill. In 1902 on the place of the University
clinics an obstetrical and seminal ones -the construction of
the new building of the University library came to an end.
The branch of it is still there.
The University Hill has a revolutionary history too. In
1825 -1826 the manuscripts of the poems by Rayevsky V .F .
"To Friends by Pushkin A.S. " To Chaadayev'~ and the poem
by the student Rosaleon -Soshalsky " Rileyev in dungeon
were spread among the students. The latter author called to
struggle against the autocracy. In 1856-1858 a secret society of
the democratic youth existed at Kharkov University .The aim of
the society was abolition of the autocracy, foundation of
the republic and liberation of the peasants from the serfdom
society spread the literature prohibited in Russia, works
by Pushkin, Lermontov, Shevchenko and Hertsen. The
members of the society wrote and distributed in the city the
travesties concerning conclusion of the Paris Agreement,
one thousand anniversary of Russia, and also pointed
lampoons, where the tsarism and the authorities of the
University were angrily laughed at.
In 1900-1902 the students of the University together
with the workers of the city took part in the revolutionary
settings out.
In autumn of 1905 there was a total political strike in
Russia and the proletariat of Russia began to use the most
advanced methods of the political struggle barricade battles.
The workers and the students of Kharkov built barricades on
the University Hill.
On the 10th of October on hearing the whistle of the
engine building plant all the enterprises of Kharkov stopped
working. The great political strike began. Thousands of people
were going along the streets in an organized demonstration.
In the evening of this day when the Cossacks fired the
University Hill, people decided to build barricades.
In the early morning on October, 11 the process of
construction of barricades was started under the supervision
of the active members of the workers' and students' military
detachments. The police was powerless to prevent the rising.
Eight barricades were built on the University Hill that day.
Four of them crossed the University street, and three
prevented approach to the Assumption Cathedral, one of
them partitioned off Goryainov lane .
The biggest central barricade was at the entrance of the
University .The observation posts were organized on all
fortification objects.
Revolutionary events frightened authorities and the
bourgeoisie of the city .On night of October , 11 -12 after
arriving of reinforcements from Chuguyev, Belgorod and
Achtirka , the troops of the tsar surrounded the barricades.
The attempt of the military detachments of some plants to
help somehow the besieged was not successful. The defenders
of the barricade -workers and revolutionary students under
the supervision of the Bolsheviks were preparing to the battle.
As a result of the traitorous activity of the Mensheviks, on
October 12 the Committee adopted the decision to yield the
barricades. The decision was taken with negligible majority
vote ( 13 against 10 ) .The Bolsheviks demanded from the
governor and the town majornot to search the defenders of the
barricades, to exclude the Cossacks from the military forces
that surrounded the banicades and to start pulling down the
barricades forty minutes later after the departure of the
people who had risen. Leaving the barricades, the defenders took
away all the banners. Thousands of people who gathered
around the University Hill greeted with delight the brave
fighters for the cause of the Revolution.
Important revolutionary events happened on the
University Hill in 1917. On the Cathedral Square in front of
the building of the Official places where from march of 1917
the first executive committee of the Kharkov Council of
Workers and Soldiers deputies was situated, the city
meetings and demonstrations of the workers took place. In
the building of the Official Places the city headquarters of
the Kharkov Red Guards and the flfSt committee of the
socialist union of the working youth 'The Third International"
were also situated.
In January 1919 after the liberation of the city from
German invaders the workers of Kharkov said farewell on
the Soviet Square ( early Cathedral, -now University Square) to
the true defenders of the revolution who died in the
struggle with Austrian and Gennan invaders and Ukrainian
bourgeois nationalists .Artem made a speech at the funerals .
After the Civil War the following organizations were
situated in the building of the Official Places: Kharkov
Province Committee of the Communist Party , the province
executive committee, the province committee of young
communists etc.
In 1932 the building was reconstructed and
finished it was given to the House of Red Army.
In the years of the Soviet Anny on the territory of the
Monastery of the Protective Veil the whole museums town
appeared. There was Museum of Revolution, All Ukrainian
Social Museum named after Artem, Museum of Ukrainian art,
State Museum of art and History , Archeological MuseU111.
In June 1920 Kharkov University was reorganized into the
Provisional Advanced Pedagogical Courses and one month
later Free Academy of Theoretical Knowledge. On May 18,
1921 Kharkov Institute of People' s Education was formed on
the base of Academy. Outstanding scientists were working at
the Institute: historians academicians Buszeskul V.P. and
Bagaley D.I., mathematicians academicians Bemstein S.N. and
Sintsov D.M., zoologist academician Nikolsky A.M.,
physiologists professors Zalessky V.K. and Belousov N.F.,
geologist professor SoboIev D.N. etc. Here the Ukrainian
writers Vladimir Sosura, Natalia Zabila and Alexander Kopilenko
studied.
In 1929/30 academic year four institutes were created
on base of Kharkov Institute of the People's Education :
Pedagogical institute, Institute of polytechnic education,
Pedagogical institute of professional education and Institute of
physics, chemistry and math .
On the 1 st of September 1933 Pedagogical Institute of
professional education and Institute of Physics, Chemistry and
math were reorganized into Kharkov State University with
the faculties of the following sciences: physics and math,
chemistry , biology , geology and geography, history , economy,
literature and linguistics. On August 19, 1936 the name of
Maxim Gorky was given to the University.
On the eve of the Great Patriotic War 3180 students and
417 members of the professorial and lecturing staff studied
and worked at the seven pennanent faculties of the
University .
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic war the
University was evacuated to the town Kzil Orda in
Kazakhstan.
In the years of occupation of the city by German Nazi
the University Hill suffered very seriously. The fascists
ruined the House of Red Army) destroyed such monuments
of architecture as the Assumption Cathedral and the Cathedral
of the Protective Veil) building of the University and other
buildings.
After liberation of the city from Hider invaders a great
reconstruction work on the University Hill began. In 1954 on
the place of the destToyed House of Red Army a public garden
was laid out. The sides of the Hill were planned and planted
with trees. In the newly built blocks the University named after
Gorky has been placed again.
In 1955 the University celebrated its 150th anniversary.
That year 5500 students studied at the University) 328
lecturers worked at 60 Chairs) among them there were 4
actual members of the Academy of Science of the Ukrainian
Soviet Socialist Republic) four corresponding members) four
honored scientists) 36 professors. During the years of the Soviet
power 13 thousands of young specialists graduated from the
University .The University was awarded by The Order of the
Labor Red Banner for its important work in the sphere of
training young professionals.
In 1957 in the days of the celebration of the 40th anniversary
of the Great October Socialist Revolution the monument to the
fighters for the October Revolution was opened in the
center of the new public garden on the University Hill.
A great attention is paid in Kharkov to preserving of
the monuments of architecture. In 1959 the church tower of
the Assumption Cathedral was pertly restored .New tower
clocks were set on the tower) the diameter of the face is
3,7 m and the length of the minute hand is more than 1,5 m.
The mechanism of the clocks was elaborated by the city
engineers) the chimes were made at the enterprises of
St. Petersburg and Kharkov.
In 1972 the works of complete restoration of the
Assumption Cathedral began. After the restoration works ,
a lecture hall, Museum of the history of town planning ,
sighting grounds on the church -tower were situated here
In one of the fonner University buildings in 1963 a
two-hall cinema "Pioneer" was opened. Later, it was
re -named -"Yunost" ("Youth").
Now the University Hill is one of the most beautiful
parts of Kharkov. A wonderful viewof the city opens from it.
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This street was one of the first to appear in the city .
Its original name is W1known. When the University was opened
in 1805, it got the name Universitetskaya, from 1920 it was
named the Street of Free Academy for some time.
In the fIrst years the street was not big it spread from
the present Rosa Luxemburg Square to Spartak Lane. At the
beginning of the 18th century when the Kharkov fortress
was enlarged , it spread to the north in the direction of the
Bursatsky Spusk. .As time passed the street was growing also in
southern direction.
Now Universitetskaya street begins near Bursatsky
SIOje. Here there is a building of fire brigade built in the
19 century .Near it there is the house of the city pawn
shop, built at the beginning of the 20th century .Behind the
pawn -shop there was once Arcade row, built in the end of
the 18th century , The Arcade row was going till the
Assumption Cathedral and it was broken only by the
present Spartakovsky Lane. In the Arcade row there were
different shops selling cotton textiles~ fur and haberdashery .
The buildings of the fonner Arcade row were completely
ruined during the Great Patriotic war .
The opposite right side of the street in the 18th
century began by the buildings of the monastery .On the
territory from Bursatsky Slope to the entrance in the yard
of the Collegium there were three wooden buildings the
services of the Archbishop' s House. Later , in 1892 the
House of the Diocesan Administration was built here.
From the gates of the Collegium (or Monastery) the
trade rows were going to the former Kupecheskiy Spusk
( Merchant's Slope) , now it is Halturin Slope. All the
jewelry trade was concentrated here, thus these trade rows
were called Silver Line.
The Kharkov Museum of History was foWlded in 1886
and firstly was called a city museum of art and industry .In
1920 it was transformed into the Museum of Sloboda
Ukraine and in 1943 it was united with the Museum of
Revolution. Regarding the fact that the building of the
museum situated on the Proletarskaya square was totally
destroyed by fascist invaders, the museum took seat in the
building of the former museum town in Universitetskaya
street. Thanks to the assistance of the museums of Moscow,
8t. Petersburg, Kiev, Dnepropetrovsk and other cities of the
COWltry , the museum renewed its work soon after the
liberation of the city in September 1943.
In post -war years the museum changed Wldamentally .
Now the fwlds of the museum has over 200 thousands of
valuable memorials of the material and moral culture. The
historical documents, unique editions of newspapers and
leaflets, memorable manuscripts, valuable archeological,
ethnographical, numismatic collections and a collection of
banners and arms are being kept here.
Universitetskaya street is broken in the southern
direction by the square of the same name. Behind the square
now there is Ukrainian Polytechnic Institute of Postal Tuition
( UPIPT ) situated in the fonner University buildings. This
Institute was opened in 1958.
UPIPT is one of the biggest higher educational
establishments of distance learning in the COWltry .
'The scientists of the UPIPT are occupied with the
problems concerning acceleration of the technical progress in
different fields of industry .The departments and laboratories
of the institute support the creative co operation with
many industrial enterprises.
Opposite the buildings of UPIPT the branch of the
Central scientific library of the University is situated in
Universitetskaya street. The library contains the literature of
the prerevolutionary period. There was the Kharkov branch
of the Central Historical Archives in the same building till
the year 1971. The archives was founded in 1880 by the
Kharkov historical and philosophical society .
Behind Rosa Luxemburg Square Universitetskaya
street is going ahead in southern direction to the River
Kharkov. At the end of the 18th century -the first half of the
19th century Universitetskaya street was reaching the former
fish street ( now it is Kooperativnaya street) where the River
Kharkov was flowing then.
Trade baths were on the bank of
the river) in the place of the dwelling house at present where
the movie theatre "Zirka" ("Star") was opened. In this point
the river was partitioned off by the big dam with a mill.
The street was ended by Netechensky bridge which led to
the Voskresenskaya Square ( now it is Uritsky Square ).
The most livez part of the street was a fish market. At
the end of the 19 -beginning of the lOth century in the
southern part of the Universitetskaya street) from the bridge
to the Pavlovskaya Square ( now it is Rosa Luxemburg
square ), side by side with the trade buildings of the Fish
market big warehouses of different goods and inns were
situated.
Nowadays there are shops and cafes in this part of
the street. A public garden is laid on the place of the Fish
market. A ferro concrete bridge is built over the river
Kharkov. The approaches to the bridge and the embankment
are improved .The tram line connecting the city centre with
the southern and eastern parts of the city is running along the
street .
By Syurikova I.U.
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